F4 Coordination & Response P1

1. stimulus (stimuli) : change that stimulates the response

​2. Two types of stimulus:

stimulus from external environment:

• ​light

• ​sound

• ​smell

• ​taste

• ​surrounding temperature

• ​pressure

• ​touch

​stimulus from internal environment:

• ​blood osmotic pressure

• ​body temperature

• ​blood sugar level

• ​Blood pH level

​Receptor:

detects stimulus and convert it to nerve Impuls

​

​Control/integration centre:

​translates nerve impulse and coordinate an appropriate response

​

​Effectors: produces response

​Muscle: contract/relax

​gland: secretes hormones

The function of the spinal cord:​

(a) process a few types of sensory information and to send responses through the motor neurones

(b) control reflex action

(c) connect the brain with the peripheral nervous system

• ​knee jerk or patellar reflex

• ​reflex uses the two neurones nerve pathway

• ​sensory neurone & motor neurone

• ​to tests the effectiveness of someone’s nerve system

Someone who loses a leg due to a certain disease will still feel pain in the area where the limb was amputated. Explain why.

​When a body part is amputated, the nerve connections from the periphery to the brain remain in place. The brain can misinterpret the information it's receiving or process the signals as the sensation of pain, even if the amputated portion has since been removed.