PAST PERFECT

​Use the past perfect to refer to something that happened before a specific time in the past. 

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by Gladys Arce

 ​STRUCTURE:

AFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS: S+ HAD+ PAST PARTICIPLE 

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​NEGATIVE STATEMENTS:     S+ HAD + NOT (hadn't) + past participle

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​INTERROGATIVE STATEMENTS: ?

• ​YES/NO QUESTIONS: HAD + S + (EVER) + PAST PARTICIPLE

• ANSWERS: Yes, I had - No, I hadn't ​

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​INFORMATION QUESTIONS (WH): WH + HAD + S+ PAST PARTICIPLE

by Gladys Arce

 ​EXAMPLES:

• AFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS: S+ HAD+ PAST PARTICIPLE 

​I was interested in Krakatoa because I had read a book about it.

• ​NEGATIVE STATEMENTS:     S+ HAD + NOT (hadn't) + past participle

​I visited Japan last year, I hadn't been there before, so it was new to me.

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​INTERROGATIVE STATEMENTS: 

• ​YES/NO QUESTIONS: HAD + S + (EVER) + PAST PARTICIPLE

• ​Had you ever seen a tornado before you moved here?

• ANSWERS: Yes, I had - No, I hadn't ​

​​INFORMATION QUESTIONS (WH): WH + HAD + S+ PAST PARTICIPLH

​What had you heard about volcanos before you visited one?

by Gladys Arce