​Introduction

• The end of the Delhi Sultanate in the battle of Panipat (1526) saw the rise of a dynasty which was to rule from 1526 till the revolt of 1857, though the real power of this dynasty of its last great emperor – Aurangzeb. 

• The Mughals ruled almost the whole of India an left behind an administration and legacy that lasted even when their rule ended.​

Great Rulers of Mughal Empire​

• Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur – (AD 1526-1530)

• Nasiruddin-Muhammad Humayun - (AD 1530-1540, 1555-1556)

• Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar – (AD 1556-1605)

• Nuruddin Muhammad Jahangir - (AD 1605-1627)

• Shihabuddin Muhammad Shah Jahan - (AD 1627-1658)

• Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir - (AD 1658-1707)​

Who were the Mughals?​

• ​They were some of the great rulers from Central Asia.

• They were the descendants of Chengiz Khan (Leader of Mongol Tribe in China) from mother side and Timur (ruler Iraq, Iran and present Turkey) from father side.

• The Mughals are proud of Timurid ancestry, as he had captured Delhi in 1398. They didn’t like to be associated with Chengiz Khan as he was associated with massacre of thousands of people.

• Babur was invited to India by Daulat Khan and Rana Sanga to end the rule of Lodhi Dynasty. They thought Babur would return back after the defeating Lodhis.

Babur ​(AD 1526-1530)

• ​Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the First battle of Panipat in 1526 AD.

• After his victory he decided to stay back in India and he occupied Delhi and Agra.

• This angered Rana Sanga and many other official, this led to way but Babur defeated Rana Sanga in the Battle of Khanwa in AD 1527.

• In 1528 he defeated the Rajputs Chanderi and 1529 the Afghan Nobels in the Battle of Ghaghara.

​CONTINUTION....

• ​He became the ruler of Punjab, Delhi, the Ganga Plains and Bengal.

• Babur was the founder of the Mughal empire in India. He was a poet and writer, in his autobiography called Tuzuk-i-Baburi he describes the physical features of India, Climate, Flora, Fauna and culture of India.

Humayun (AD 1530-1540, 1555-1556)

• ​Babur was succeeded by his eldest son Humayun among his five sons. 

• His brother were not happy with the province given to them and they had big Ambitions especially Kamran which weakened Humayun.

• Bahadur Shah ruler of Gujarat and Sher Shah was threatening Delhi.

• The rivalry between Sher Shah and Humayun Started in AD 1532.

• Humayun defeated the Sher Shah army and proceeded to Gujarat to defeat Bahadur Shah.

CONTINUTION....​

• ​When Humayun was occupied with Gujarat, Sher Shah regrouped his forces and defeated Humayun at Chausa in 1539.

• A year later Sher Shah again defeated Humayun in the battle of Kanauj in 1540.

• Humayun escaped to Persia where the Shah of Persia gave them refuge.

• In AD 1555 Humayun returned to India and regained the territories. 

• He died in 1556 in an accident and was succeeded by his son Abkar.

Sher Shah (AD 1540-1545)

• ​Sher Shah was the son of an Afghan jagirdar.

• His name was Farid Khan. He was given the title of ‘Sher’ after he killed a tiger.

• Sher shah conquered a number of Rajput states. He extended his empire from Jhelum in the west of Brahmaputra in the east and from the Himalayas in the North to Malwa in the South.

• He defeated Humayun and occupied Delhi. Unfortunately he ruled for a very short time as he died in AD 1545 and was buried in Sasaram.