The body​

​

​crawl (v)

​/krɔːl/

​to move forward on your hands and knees or with your body close to the ground

​tie a shoelace

​

​toddler (n)

​/ˈtɑːdlər/

a child who has only recently learnt to walk​

​

​​1.3 Listen to the talk again and find words that mean the same as the following.

​

1. learned (a skill): acquired

2. copying people: imitating

3. without help: unassisted / without support

4. in a natural, unforced way: spontaneously

5. developed a skill to a high level: mastered

6. phase: stage , period

​1.4 WORD BUILDING Complete the table

develop - development - developed / developing / overdeveloped

​grow - growth - fully-grown / full-grown / overgrown

​mature / reach maturity - maturity - mature / immature

​full-grown (adj)

​/ˌfʊl ˈɡrəʊn/ (adj): (of people, animals or plants) having reached the greatest size to which they can grow and stopped growing

​overgrown (adj)

​/ˌoʊ.vɚˈɡroʊn/

​used to describe an adult who behaves like a child

​overindulgent (adj)

​/ˌoʊ.vɚ.ɪnˈdʌl.dʒənt/

​​allowing someone to have more of something enjoyable than is good for them

​throw a tantrum (v.p)

​to experience and show a strong feeling of anger, especially suddenly

​rebellious (adj)

​/rɪˈbel.i.əs/

​​difficult to control and do not behave in the way that is expected

​tolerant (adj)

​/ˈtɑː.lɚ.ənt/

​willing to accept behaviour and beliefs that are different from your own, although you might not agree with or approve of them

​2.2 Answer key

​Childhood: crawling, immature, irresponsible, rebellious, throw a tantrum, unsteady.

​Parenthood: nurturing, overindulgent, overprotective, patient, tolerant.

​Vocabulary note

​The prefix im- is often in front of adjectives beginning with b, m or p to form the opposite or to show that something is lacking: immature, impossible

​

Similarly, ir- often comes in front of words beginning with r, il- often comes in front of words beginning with I and in- in front

of other words: irresponsible, illegal, insensitive.

However, there are exceptions: unbelievable, displeased, unlikely, unpopular etc. The prefix over- can also be negative, meaning too much: overdeveloped, overdue, overcrowded, oversensitive.

​Error Warning

​Grow can be used with plants:

We could grow flowers and trees here.

Or with things:

The business is growing rapidly.

But grow up can only be used with people or cities:

The city grew up from a small group of houses near the river.

Grow up is intransitive, which means you can't use it with an object.

NOT The government grew up the city.

​2.3 Many words used to talk about human growth can also be used to talk about data and statistics. Complete the sentences with a suitable word from the text in 2.1. You may need to change the form of the words.

​The mind

​4.1 Think about your answers to these questions.

​1 What do you remember about your early childhood?

2 Do you think you have a good memory or a poor memory?

​4.2 Answer key

​memory, reminisce, look back, remind, memorise, forget, reminder.

​Error Warning

​Remember = to have a memory in your mind.

​

I remember my first day at school.

Remind = someone or something helps you to remember something. Remind is not usually used with the subject "I".

It reminds me of when I lived in Egypt.

NOT I remind  of when.

You remind me of my sister. NOT I remind me of.

​Speaking Part 2

​Describe a memorable period or event from your childhood.

You should say:

·       what the event or period was

·       what happened during this event or time

·       why it was memorable and what you learned from this experience.

You will have to talk about the topic for 1-2 minutes. You have one minute to think about what you are going to say. You can make notes if you wish.