'Colonial Expansion after 1750 - Changing Labour Patterns: The End of Slavery and its Effects AND Expanding Frontiers an

​- Under Dutch settlement, there was a shortage of labour in Southern Africa (Cape), therefore the Dutch 'imported' labour

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- The Khoi initially traded with the Dutch. This was one of the very few benefits for the African tribes. Therefore the Dutch could NOT enslave the Khoi.

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​- Slaves were mostly imported from Mozambique and Madagascar, East Africa and Asia.

​British introduced new policies:

​- They tried to settle the San on mission stations and give them livestock - The San did not want to settle or become Christians.

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​- A RESERVE was formed for the San people - called Bushmanland - The Dutch settlers often hunted the animals in this area which took away food for the San. This created more violence!

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​- Different policy for the Khoi

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​- In 1807, Britain abolished (got rid of) the slave trade in the British Empire -Abolition of Slavery Act

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- This meant that slaves could not be traded throughout the British Empire, BUT you could still own slaves within the Cape.

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​- 1809 Caledon Code was introduced - This introduced Pass Laws that controlled the movement of Khoi farm workers.

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​- 1828 This law was changed to a new law called ORDINANCE 50.

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​-This gave the Khoi more freedom of movement, and encouraged them to move to the eastern Cape to work on the farms established by the British.

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​- New laws were also introduced to protect slaves - such as improved working hours, allowed to marry, slaves given the right to buy their freedom

​- 1834 Slavery was abolished throughout the British Empire, including the Cape.

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​- Many farmers were against this ruling, HOWEVER the British Govt, promised them compensation.

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​- Once 'freed', slaves had to still work for another 4 years as APPRENTICES (without pay) to give farmers time to adjust to this new system of 'wage' labour.

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​- Therefore, most continued to work as unskilled labourers.

​Historians have suggested various reasons for why Britain possibly abolished slavery:

​- People felt it was morally wrong

​- Felt that a labour force working for wages would be more productive

​- Fearful of a grand scale slave revolt

​- Cape Town area became an NB commercial centre

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​- More British businessman settled here, therefore they imported manufactured goods from Britain

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​- In 1820, British settlers came to the eastern Cape - the hope was that they would become farmers, yet many of them became merchants and crafts people in new towns forming.

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​- Some British farmers who were successful, asked the Govt. to take over more Xhosa land so that they could expand their farms.

​- Some settlers expanded to seek grazing for their cattle.

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​- These British settlers lived a semi-nomadic lifestyle, moving between summer & winter

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​- As they expanded, CONFLICT between the British and the Khoi/ Xhosa.

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​- 9 Frontier Wars occurred between the British and Xhosa - This deprived the Xhosa of their independence. (You will look at this in a bit more detail later)