​Genes

• ​DNA is inherited from parents

• DNA carries coded information in Genes.

• Genes are sections of DNA that codes for a polypeptide.

• 1 gene = 1 unit of genetic information

• Genes can be switched on/off

• DNA in all organisms is the same, the difference is the DNA sequence.

​Alleles

Allele: A different version of a gene.

• Alleles comes from a small difference in the DNA sequence.

Example; The single gene for eye colour has many alleles. One allele gives brown eyes, another blue eyes.

A normal organism has two alleles for each gene, one from each parent.

​Genomes

A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes. Each genome contains all of the information needed to build and maintain that organism.

​Genomics

​Genome: All the genetic instructions in your DNA.

​Genomics

• The rate at which genomes can be sequenced has been doubling every four months or so. 

• With the advent of new analytical tools, biologists’  ability to generate genomic data will help reveal more about how genes work and how species are related.