Writing and City Life

animal husbandry was practiced in the steppe region

it was well suppled with rainfall

it was self sufficient in agricultural produce

fisheries were abundantly available

working on a wet clay tablet

style of writing was cuneiform

earliest writing was to send messages

literacy was not very common

1, 2, 3, 4

3, 1, 2, 4

2, 1, 3, 4

2, 1. 4, 3

self sufficient society and economy

division of labour and specialisation of functions

a hierarchy to manage the transaction of goods

creation of warehouses and storage space

Turkey and Iran

Persian Gulf region

regions beyond the Mediterranean Sea

Aratta

earliest writings are lists of goods

earliest writings have been found from Mari around dated 3200 BCE

there is use of picture like signs in these writings

the lists of goods have been found from temples

animals were not easily available

animals could not carry heavy burden

animals needed feeding and resting

animals were more suitable for meat, milk and skin

1, 2, 3, 4

1, 3, 4

1, 2, 4

2, 3, 4