Review for Summative Assessment

We will be doing a summative assessment on Wednesday

It is designed to measure how much you've learned since the beginning of the year

It will not be graded for accuracy - everyone who completes it on time will get 20 points

It will cover everything we've learned up until this point - measurement, units, graphing, motion, forces, energy, and electricity

In physics, we make precise and accurate measurements that can be compared to calculated values

We deal with two main types of quantities - scalar and vectors

Scalars are just numbers and do not have a direction. Examples are electric charge, mass, temperature, distance, volume, energy, etc.

Vectors are quantities that depend on direction. Quantities include acceleration, velocity, force, magnetic field strength, etc.

SI unit system is the measurement system used in physics and scientific discourse

The base SI units: meter (length), kilogram (mass), second (time), K (temperature)

We also learned that we can convert metric units quite easily using the metric prefixes

The dependent variable goes on the y-axis

The Independent variable goes on the x-axis

The slope of the graph tells us how much the rate of change of the dependent variable with respect to the independent variable

The units of the slope are the units of the dependent variable divided by the independent variable's units

We can describe the motion of objects using concepts like speed and acceleration

The average speed of an object is the distance traveled divided by the time 

 $s=\frac{d}{t}$  

The acceleration of an object is the rate of change of velocity

Force is a vector - depends on direction

To find the total force acting on an object we must add up all the forces

Newton's 1st Law objects want to continue in a straight line at constant speed

Newton's 2nd Law

 $F=ma$  

Newton's 3rd Law - the force on object A from object B is equal and opposite to the force on object B from object A

To transfer energy, work must be done

There are many different types of energy - kinetic, gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, chemical potential energy, thermal energy, electromagnetic energy, etc.

The law of conservation of energy says that energy can neither be created nor destroyed - it is only transformed from one form to another

The total energy of a closed system is constant

Charge can neither be created nor destroyed

Objects can be charged by conduction, induction, or friction

Materials that conduct electricity are called conductors

Electric current is the rate at which charge flows

An electric circuit contains a voltage source and a closed conducting path

Ohm's Law expresses the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance

 $V=IR$