Structures of a Leaf

• Xylem and Phloem make up vessels in the plants transport water and food

• Openings in the leaf allow for the exchange of gasses.  Guard cells open and close these openings.

The Structure of Chloroplasts

• Granum- stacks of thylakoids

• DNA-plant genetic material

• Stroma- the fluid within the chlorplast

• Thylakoid- membrane bound structures where light dependent rxn of photosynthesis occurs

• Lumen- fluid part of thylakoid where protons are pumped during Light Dependent rxn

Action Spectrum - measures the rate of photosynthesis at different wavelengths of light; measured by the rate oxygen is produced

Make sure you study for your quiz

"Some people want it to happen, some wish it would happens, others make it happen."

Michael Jordan​

Extra notes from AP central

3.5 daily video 1 and 2

Light dependent rxn to use light pigments, in the thylakoids, to change light energy to chemical energy which is stored in NADPH. The light is also used to make, synthesize, ATP.

​Oxygen is also produced at then same time

Then NADPH and ATP are then used to start the Calvin cycle.

Summary: *Cholorphlly is able to capture energy from the sun and change it into high energy electrons. ​which in turn are used to reduce NADP+ and ADP to start the Calvin cycle.

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Extra notes from AP central

Photosystems I and II are located in the membrane of the chloroplast although PS II occurs first, they are names based on the order in which they were discovered. Their job is to capture light and hydrolysis water.... Yes I know. But what occurs did hydrolysis!

The O are released into the atmosphere for ______ to breath in. The H+ are then enter into an ETC where they convert into energy by ATP synthase. Now this energy can used to reduce NADP+ and ADP.

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• Are you still confused?    This is pretty hard to visualize, but through the magic of technology, we can watch these processes as animations

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• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter10/animations.html#

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• http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/forestbiology/photosynthesis.swf

​Calvin Cycle

Use ATP, NADPH, and CO2 to produce carbohydrates.

**It's ultimate goal is to make organic produces that plants need using the products from the light dependent rxn of photosynthesis. ​

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