Toussaint Louverture

born in the French colony of Saint Domingue

fought to help the people of Saint Domingue gain their freedom from slavery and France

When Saint Domingue, led by Toussaint, defeated France, the new country took on the name Haiti.

focused on producing cash crops: sugar, coffee, indigo, etc...

500,000 slaves lived in Saint Domingue -compared to 1,000,000 slaves in the USA (estimate)

sugar production was especially labor intensive

Writes a letter to the French - it read, "They bore their chains when they knew no condition of life better than that of slavery. But today when they have left it, if they had a thousand lives, they would sacrifice them all rather than be subjected again to slavery.

Writes an end to slavery into the Constitution.

used guerilla style tactics - do not announce your presence, attack when you have the advantage

used European style tactics - form lines to create an overwhelming amount of firepower

31, 131 French troops invaded Saint Domingue. 25,999 French were killed

burned his own cities

gave the French nowhere to stay

Many died from malaria and yellow fever; these diseases plagued Europeans in the tropics

wants to ensure the country is not in debt

decides to adopt the French plantation model

willing to execute his own nephew to see his plan succeed