Past Perfect

Is a verb tense used to talk about actions that were completed before some point in the past.

You had studied Italian before you moved to Rome.

You can also use the Past Perfect to show that an action happened before a specific time in the past.

She had established her company before 2008.

The order of events does not matter since the tense makes it clear which event happened first.

The formula for the past perfect tense is had + past participle.

It doesn’t matter if the subject is singular or plural, the formula doesn’t change.

She stayed up all night because she had received bad news.