

Chapter 12 Section 1
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Chemistry
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11th - 12th Grade
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Medium
Standards-aligned
Calvin Huck
Used 3+ times
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15 Slides • 7 Questions
1
Chapter 12 Section 1
Gases

2
The Kinetic-Molecular Theory
The kinetic-molecular theory describes the behavior of matter in terms of particles in motion.
3
4
Multiple Choice
When gas particle collide
energy is lost
explosions occur
no energy is lost.
5
Kinetic Molecular Theory cont.
Elastic collision -- one in which no kinetic energy is lost.
Temperature -- a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.
6
Explaining the Behavior of Gases
The constant motion of gas particles allows a gas to expand and fill its container.
Gases have very low density
Gases can compress or expand.
7
Multiple Select
Gases
have low density
compress easily
expand to fill a container
are in constant motion.
8
Diffusion and Effusion
Diffusion -- the random mixing of gases due to particle motion until they are evenly spread.
Effusion -- the movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
9
Graham's Law
Graham's Law of effusion states that the rate of effusion for a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.
10
Multiple Choice
What is the molar mass of NH3?
17.0 g/mol
15.00 g/mol
43.0 g/mol
11
Multiple Choice
What is the molar mass of HCl?
36.5 g/mol
46.0 g/mol
32.1 g/mol
12
Graham's Law
Ammonia has a molar mass of 17.0 g/mol; hydrogen chloride has a molar mass of 36.5 g/mol. What is the ratio of their diffusion rates? (Clue: the lower molar mass goes in the denominator position of the fraction.)
RateHClRateNH3 = molar massNH3molar massHCl
= 17.0g÷mol36.5g÷mol = 1.47
The ratio of diffusion is 1.47
13
Multiple Choice
Calculate the ratio of effusion rates for nitrogen gas (N2) with a molar mass of 28.0 g/mol and Ne gas with a molar mass of 20.2 g/mol.
Rate N2Rate Ne = molar mass Nemolar mass N2
1.17
0.849
2.31
14
Gas Pressure
Pressure is defined as force per unit area.
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Measuring Air Pressure
A barometer is an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure.
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Measuring Air Pressure cont.
A manometer is an instrument used to measure gas pressure in a closed container.
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Units of Pressure
The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa). One pascal is equal to a force of one newton per square meter: 1 Pa = 1 N/m2
Typically, air pressure is measured in atmospheres in chemistry.
18
Multiple Select
One atmosphere equals
760 mm Hg
760 torr
14.7 psi
101,325 Pa
101.3 kPa
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Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of all the gases in the mixture.
20
The Partial Pressure of a Gas
A mixture of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogen (N2) has a total pressure of 0.97 atm. What is the partial pressure of O2 if the partial pressure of CO2 is 0.70 atm and the partial pressure of N2 is 0.12 atm?
Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3
Ptotal = PO2 + PCO2 + PN2
PO2 = Ptotal - PCO2 - PN2
PO2 = 0.97 atm - 0.70 atm - 0.12 atm
PO2 = 0.15 atm
21
Multiple Choice
What is the partial pressure of hydrogen gas (H2) in a mixture of hydrogen and helium (He) if the total pressure is 600 mmHg and the partial pressure of helium is 439 mmHg? Ptotal = PH2 + PHe
1039 mmHg
600 mmHg
161 mmHg
439 mmHg
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End
Chapter 12 Section 1
Gases

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