participle clauses

To give the result of an action: The bomb exploded, destroying the building.

To give the reason for an action: Knowing she loved reading, Richard bought her a book.

To talk about an action that happened at the same time as another action: Standing in the queue, I realised I didn't have any money.

 To add information about the subject of the main clause: Starting in the new year, the new policy bans cars in the city centre.

With a similar meaning to an if condition: Used in this way, participles can make your writing more concise. (If you use participles in this way, … )

To add information about the subject of the main clause: Filled with pride, he walked towards the stage.

To give the reason for an action: Worried by the news, she called the hospital.

Having got dressed, he slowly went downstairs.

Having finished their training, they will be fully qualified doctors.

Having been made redundant, she started looking for a new job.

Before cooking, you should wash your hands. 

Instead of complaining about it, they should try doing something positive.

On arriving at the hotel, he went to get changed.

While packing her things, she thought about the last two years.

In spite of having read the instructions twice, I still couldn’t understand how to use it.