Lesson 1.

The nowadays agriculture doesn't only deal with the soil cultivation. It is also interested with the forest growing, with the protection of the river sides, mountains and with the hothouses. The agriculture is not only a nourishing resource. It also supports the human organism.

Without nourishment the human life may become impossible. The nourishment problem is the most important problem of all the coun­tries in the world. Within the agriculture itself one distinguishes the following independent branches: the grain crops production, the fruits and vegetables production, the technical crops production (the sugar beets production, the flax and hops production, etc), the animal breeding and the apiculture.

All the agricultural branches may be divided into two large groups: the plant-raising and the animal breeding. The main branch is the grain crops cultivation. Thanks to the selection a lot of different wheat, rye, oats and barley sorts appeared in the fields. All of them have spring and winter varieties. They may be cultivated in different climatic zones.

The fruit and vegetable production covers the needs of the urban population. It also gives all the necessary vital vitamins, proteins and sugars. In the southern regions viticulture has become a very profitable branch of industry. The industrial crops production is a substantial re­source of the raw materials for the industry. Hops is cultivated in our re­gion. Nowadays the world market requires more aromatic varieties. Flax is cultivated to cover the needs of the clothing industry.

The animal breeding supplies meat, milk, sour cream and cottage cheese. Poultry covers the needs of the population in eggs and meat. The apiculture is a peculiar branch of agriculture. It requires much attention and knowledge. Honey bees belong to the Kingdom Animalia which include all the ani­mals. They are classified very peculiarly and represent a sort of a society which includes all the solitary and social bees, wasps, boasts, some fa­miliar insects like yellow jackets, bald-faced hornets, bumble bees and ants. All of them fulfill their special duties. Bee-keepers must keep and protect bee-hives from different deseases.