Cell organelle, structure and function exam style Q level 2

Mitochondria produce ATP (energy)

They do this through a chemical reaction called cellular respiration

There are different numbers of mitochondria in each cell type

The more energy a cell needs, the more mitochondria it will have

Muscles are active cells, used for movement, so they need a lot of energy

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is called rough because it has ribosomes on

The ribosomes are made from rRNA and proteins

Their role is in protein synthesis

They join the amino acids together with peptide bonds, using mRNA as a template

Chloroplasts use solar energy (sunlight) to make glucose

They do this through a chemical reaction called photosynthesis

Chlorophyll is the pigment inside the organelle that traps the sunlight

It is what gives it, and plants, their green colour

In plant cells, the central vacuole stores water to maintain turgor pressure

When it is full, the plant is turgid and will keep it's shape

When there is not enough water, the plant is flaccid and will lose it's shape

The SER synthesises lipids and breaks down toxic molecules

These chemical reactions happen on the cell membrane

The more folded it is, the more surface area there is for these chemical reactions, so the faster they will happen

Lysosomes are like the stomach of the cell

They digest/degrade/break things down

To to this they use digestive enzymes

The enzymes are need acidic conditions