rapid changes that create an ecosystem overnight

gradual changes over time to fully create or restore an ecosystem

forest with the tallest trees

the rate species produce offspring

climax community

lichens>grass>shrubs>small trees> big trees

mosses>creates soil>grasses>small trees> big trees

Volcano destroys ecosystem>grasses>shrubs>small trees>big trees

Volcano forms new island> lichens>grasses>shrubs>small trees>big trees

Primary succession

Biological evolution

Secondary succession

Heterotrophic nutrition

The area will be repopulated by trees, eventually becoming a

forest again.

The mountains will erode and remain without life.

The area will remain unchanged, covered by volcanic ash.

The area will turn into a completely different habitat, such as

desert of plains.

very little soil

lots of soil

no soil

soil that has been disturbed

Primary succession starts with soil.

Secondary succession start with bare rock.

Primary succession starts with bare rock, with lichens and moss.

Fire is an example of primary succession.

A.lichens growing on rocks following a volcanic eruption

B.grasses growing after a forest fire

C.oak trees replacing pine trees in a forest

D. non-native species introduced into a climax community

A. fire

B. flood

C. earthquake

D. change of season

A.land biome.

B.aquatic biome.

C.unstable community.

D.climax community.

A.parasitism.

B.competition.

C.commensalism.

D.succession.