Unit 6 Covalent Review

Chemical attachment of two or more atoms

Why? to complete the octet of each element for stability

Ionic: transfer of electrons between metal and non metal

Covalent: sharing of electrons between nonmetals

Nonpolar Covalent: A very small difference (or no difference) in EN (0-0.4) C-H, S-H, same elements. EQUAL SHARING of electrons

Polar Covalent: Some difference in EN (0.5-1.7) Ex: N-H, C-O, different non-metals UNEQUAL SHARING of electrons

Ionic: Large difference in EN (greater than 1.7), Metals and nonmetals. TRANSFER of electrons

Nonpolar Covalent: Not soluble in water and not conductive in water; very low melting point

Polar Covalent: SOLUBLE in water but not conductive in solution; medium melting point

Ionic: Soluble in water and conductive in solution; high melting point

A single bond C-C involves the sharing of 1 pair (2 total electrons)

A double bond C=C involves the sharing of 2 pairs (4 total electrons)

A triple bond C=C involves the sharing of 3 pairs (6 total electrons)

Find the "A" group on the PTable

That is the number of dots (space out in a square shape)

Metals lose electrons --> NM

NM share electrons with a line

Covalent compounds require prefixes to show how many of each element (subscript_number)

Ionic compounds DO NOT require prefixes (use the charges / oxidation state to determine)

Transition elements require Roman Numeral to determine charge because they different oxidation states / charges