Drug Development

It is cheap and easy to do

It checks for side effects

To see if they are suitable as cosmetics

Blind trial

Double Blind Trial

Open Trial

To allow them to check the effectiveness of antibiotics or antibacterial substances at killing them

To be able to calculate the number of bacteria in a population.

To allow infectious diseases to be cultured.

Drugs are tested for efficacy, toxicity and dosage

By giving them to humans first

By giving people a placebo

Testing it on humans to see if the side effects are harmful

On human volunteers first and then on animals

Preclinical trials using cells, tissues and animals. Then clinical trials using healthy human volunteers and patients.

Paracetamol

Aspirin

Digitalis

An inactive substance used as a control in clinical trials

A concentrated form of a drug used in clinical trials

A type of injection using very fine needles

They can stop bacteria from growing or reproducing

They can stop viruses from growing or reproducing

They can stop toxins poisoning the tissues of the host

A weakened/inactive version of a virus is injected to stimulate antibody production

They can stop viruses from growing or reproducing by producing antitoxins

A weakened/inactive version of a virus is injected to stimulate antigen production

Quickly and in large amounts

Slowly but in large amounts

The same as before

Quickly but a different antibody is made