Cell Transport: Active Transport Review

movement of substances from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration through transport proteins

molecules move against their concentration gradient

active transport requires energy (ATP)

molecule to be transported enters the pump

energy from ATP used to change the shape of the protein

molecule can now pass through the membrane (via the protein)

Also a type of active transport

How really big molecules (or a lot of them) move across the membrane at once

literally means "cell eating"

large particles like cells or cellular debris are transported into the cell

literally "cell drinking"

cell takes in small amounts of extracellular fluid

vesicle produced much smaller for pinocytosis than phagocytosis

receptor proteins embedded in cell membrane used to identify and capture specific molecule

only that specific molecule should trigger this reaction

some pathogens use these proteins to gain entrance to the cell (sneaky jerks)

form of bulk transport

how cells release molecules like signaling proteins and waste products to the outside environment

membrane-bound vesicle fuses with plasma membrane and release the material