Chemical Structure of Major Nutrients
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Chemistry
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KG
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James Newton
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18 Slides • 16 Questions
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7 Major Nutrients
Including the chemical structure of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins
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Multiple Choice
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Carbohydrates
- Essentially, they are made of sugar (glucose).
- Categorised based on how many sugar molecules are present.
SOURCES: Grass, vegetables and potatoes.
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Carbohydrates - FUNCTION
Mainly used as a source of energy for all bodily processes to occur.
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Types of Carbohydrates
1 Sugar - Monosaccharide
2 Sugars - Dissacharide
3+ Sugars - Polysaccharide
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Multiple Choice
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Proteins
- Made up of Amino Acids.
- Strings of Amino Acids are fused together by Peptide Bonds.
SOURCES: Meat, nuts and beans.
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Proteins - FUNCTIONS
- Muscle repair.
- Tissue maintenance.
- Transportation of oxygen.
- Collagen production, to maintain tendons and ligaments.
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Types of Amino Acids
No Peptide Bonds - Amino Acids
2 Amino Acids joined by a peptide bond - Dipeptide
3+ Amino Acids joined by peptide bonds - Polypeptide Chain
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Multiple Choice
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Lipids
Also called fats.
Made of Fatty Acids which are composed of Carbon & Hydrogen atoms.
Includes a Carboxyl Group at the end of the hydrocarbon chai
(-COOH) Essential for enabling reactivity!
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Lipids - FUNCTIONS
Provides energy, insultation and organ protection.
SOURCES: Milk, meat and nuts.
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Water
- Essential for all life on Earth!
- Mammalian bodies are made up of approximately 70% water.
- Molecules are made up of 1 oxygen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms.
SOURCES: Ingested or produced within the body via internal condensation.
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Water - FUNCTIONS
- Hydration of cells in the body.
- Transportation of of nutrients.
- Thermoregulation
- To lubricate tissues and organs.
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Vitamins
- 13 major vitamins!
- Examples: Vitamins C, B6 & D
- Only present in small quantities in food.
- Plants can make their own, animals cannot.
- Absorbed via water (water soluble) or via lipids (fat soluble).
SOURCES: Fruit, vegetables and fatty fish.
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Vitamins - FUNCTIONS
- Can be provided as a supplement in a liquid, tablet or powder form.
- Required for coat/skin maintenance and growth.
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Minerals
- Many minerals present in food: Calcium, Zinc, Sodium and Iron (to name a few!)
- Can also be provided as a supplement in tablet, liquid or powder form if necessary.
SOURCES: Fish, vegetables and meat.
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Minerals - FUNCTIONS
- Nerve Function
- Blood Clotting
- Immunity
- Bone & Tooth Development
- Muscle Contractions
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Fibre
- Dietary fibre is soured from plant based Carbohydrates.
SOURCES: Hay, brown rice and potato skins.
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Fibre - FUNCTIONS
- Regular bowel movements.
- Essential source of energy for the bacteria in the gut.
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Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
7 Major Nutrients
Including the chemical structure of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins
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