Missouri Compromise and the American Colonization Society

President #5 (two terms)

Famed for his "Monroe Doctrine" (we will cover this next week!)

President during the Era of Good Feelings (1817-1825)

Had unique views on slavery for the era

Favored a policy of conciliation with Britain and a policy of expansionism against the Spanish Empire

Monroe was a member of the American Colonization Society

Last President to wear a tricorn hat and knee breaches regularly

In February 1819 a bill to enable the people of the Missouri Territory to become a state

 Congressman James Tallmadge, Jr. "tossed a bombshell into the Era of Good Feelings" with the Tallmadge Amendment, which would ban the further introduction of slaves into Missouri and required that all future children of slaves should be freed at age 25 

This created a stalemate between the anti-slavery "Restrictionists" from the North and the pro-slavery "Anti-restrictionists" from the south, who disagreed about whether to allow slavery in new states being formed from the Louisiana Purchase

To make matters worse, the number of slave states and free states is equal

The deal is simple:

Missouri gets to join the Union as a slave state if Maine joins as a free state

Also, to encourage future free/slave balance, no slavery would be allowed North of parallel 36°30′ north (the southern boundary of Missouri)

Monroe owned dozens of slaves, yet wanted to free all slaves

Monroe reiterated his belief that slavery was a blight

Willing to accept the federal government's financial assistance to emancipate and transport freed slaves to other countries

Founded by Congress to explore and support the idea of sending freed slaves back to Africa

As the number of free African Americans grew after the American Revolution, slave owners were worried that freed salves might start a revolt like that in Haiti

Many White Americans saw African Americans as inferior and felt that integration of African Americans was impossible and undesirable

The American Colonization Society believed the solution was to send freed slaves back to africa

Believed that African Americans should be relocated to somewhere they could live free of white prejudice.

The African-American community and abolitionist movement were VERY opposed to the project, though some slaves were freed under the condition that they leave the country in this way