Is it plagiarism?

A student has a writing assignment for a history class. Her friend took the class last year. She asks for and receives a copy of the friend’s paper, which she turns in as her own after making a few small tweaks.

A student took a similar course at her last school. Instead of creating new work, she simply turns in papers that she wrote for assignments at her former school.

You find a paper similar to your assignment and change some wording so that it isn’t a direct copy, though the ideas, information and/or organization are not original.

A technical writer copies chunks of wording from documentation that she finds online for several products similar to the one she is writing about.

You are not sure how to best organize your paper, so you find a similar one and copy the table of contents, then follow it exactly when writing your piece.

An academic is expected to publish academic papers but is low on time. He finds a 10-year-old article in an obscure journal, then copies it and submits it as his own work.

A student decides to hire an academic writing service to produce a literature review for a class. The service produces the complete paper and she submits it as her own work.

If committee members collaborate to create a work of writing, but only the chairperson is listed as the author.

A student quotes a large block of text from a book word-for-word in a paper. The student includes a footnote, but does not indicate in the text that the words are a direct quote.