COMPLEX GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
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Bairbre Ward
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20 Slides • 16 Questions
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COMPLEX GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
Advanced grammar
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Simple gerund v perfect gerund
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Usually there is no difference between the simple gerund or the perfect gerund.
He denied stealing the money.
He denied having stolen the money.
(It's clear that the money was stolen before he denied it)
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Usually there is no difference between the simple gerund or the perfect gerund.
She regretted marrying so young.
She regretted having married so young.
(It's clear that she married before regretting it)
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But sometimes there is a difference between using the simple and perfect gerund.
He denied being married. (denied being married now)
He denied having been married (denied being married in the past)
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Simple infinitive v perfect infinitive
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As with simple/perfect gerund, sometimes there is no difference with simple/perfect infinitive:
It was stupid of me to say anything to her.
It was stupid of me to have said anything to her.
(I shouldn't have said anything in the past)
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But usually there is a difference between simple/perfect infinitives:
I'm very glad to work here. (now)
I'm very glad to have worked here (in the past)
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Continuous infinitive
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We use the cont. infinitive to express that the action is in progress around the same time as the main verb:
I'm glad to be spending this time with you.
You shouldn't be working so hard.
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Perfect infinitive after passive reporting verbs
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After passive reporting verbs we use simple or continuous infinitives for present/future....
They are believed to be good friends (now)
She is thought to be living in Brussels (now)
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...and we use perfect infinitives after passive reporting verbs for past:
They are believed to have been good friends (past)
She is thought to have been living in Brussels (past)
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Perfect infinitive after "would like, would hate, would rather, would prefer"
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Use perfect infinitive after these expressions for past. Compare:
I would like to see you once more (future)
I would like to have seen you once more (past)
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Use perfect infinitive after these expressions for past. Compare:
She would rather be with you (now)
She would rather have been with you (past)
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Passive infinitives, passive gerunds
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We use passive infinitives/gerunds to describe actions which are done to the subject:
He is too young to be allowed here.
She needs to be taken care of.
He doesn't mind being told what to do.
He denied having been offered a bribe.
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Multiple Choice
I don't like ________________ sleeping pills.
be prescribed
prescribed
being prescribed
having been prescribed
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Multiple Choice
You'd have to be an idiot ____________ his advice.
follow
following
to follow
having followed
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Multiple Choice
I'd love __________ there when you told him you were quitting.
to be
being
to have been
having been
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Multiple Choice
It's no use __________ about it.
to argue
having argued
argue
arguing
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Multiple Choice
I expect __________ enough for my car by the end of the year.
to save
to be saved
to have saved
having saved
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Multiple Choice
We would ___________ in a hotel, but they insisted on putting us up.
have stayed
stay
be staying
have been staying
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Multiple Choice
I would like __________ the Taj Mahal, but we didn't have time.
to see
to have seen
to have seeing
having seen
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Multiple Choice
I'm tired ________ lied to.
to be
of being
having been
of
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Fill in the Blanks
Type answer...
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Fill in the Blanks
Type answer...
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Fill in the Blanks
Type answer...
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Multiple Choice
I'd like to have seen the Eiffel Tower.
FUTURE/PRESENT
PAST
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Multiple Choice
I'd love to have seen your face!
FUTURE/PRESENT
PAST
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Multiple Choice
I'd love to be lying on the beach.
FUTURE/PRESENT
PAST
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Multiple Choice
My car needs to be serviced.
FUTURE/PRESENT
PAST
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Fill in the Blanks
Type answer...
COMPLEX GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
Advanced grammar
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