
Why do we forget?
Presentation
•
Social Studies
•
12th Grade
•
Hard
Jennifer Parks
Used 10+ times
FREE Resource
19 Slides • 7 Questions
1
Why do we forget?
2
3 main reasons
encoding failure
storage decay
retrieval failure
3
4
Which one is the real penny?
5
Poll
Which one is the real penny?
A
B
C
D
6
Poll
Which one is the real penny?
E
F
G
H
7
D
8
Encoding failure
Much of what we sense we never notice (selective attention)
If we don't notice/encode it, we won't remember it
9
Storage Decay
Even after encoding something well, we can later forget it
The physical memory trace gradually fades when there's no attempt to retain
Memory for new info fades quickly but then levels out over time
10
11
with distributed practice
(spacing effect)
12
with distributed practice (spacing effect)
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Retrieval Failure
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15
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Retrieval Failure
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon (can be alleviated by retrieval cues)
interference
amnesia
17
Amnesia
anterograde amnesia = inability to form new memories (like H.M.)
retrograde amnesia = inability to retrieve information from one's past
18
Interference
proactive interference = when prior learning disrupts recall of new info (forward-acting)
retroactive interference = when new learning disrupts recall of old information (backward-acting)
19
Multiple Choice
John suffered a head injury in an accident five years ago. He now has clear memories of events that occurred before the accident, but he has great difficulty remembering any of the experiences he has had since the accident. John’s symptoms describe
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
source amnesia
retroactive interference
state-dependent memory
20
Multiple Choice
In an experiment, either a sad video or a happy video was shown to participants to influence their moods. The participants were then asked to memorize a list of words. Later, the participants were again shown either the same video they had seen before memorizing the words or they were shown the other video, and they were then asked to recall the words they had memorized previously. The results of the experiment, summarized in the chart, best illustrate which psychological concept?
interference
state-dependent memory
encoding failure
source amnesia
flashbulb memory
21
Multiple Choice
Which of the following activities most directly relies on the hippocampus?
Remembering events specific to one’s life
Memorizing the layout of a neighborhood
Encoding your surroundings when experiencing a highly emotional event
Becoming classically conditioned to fear an unconditioned stimulus
22
Multiple Choice
An individual’s ability to remember the day theyfirst swam the length of a swimming pool is most clearly an example of which of the following kinds of memory?
semantic
flashbulb
procedural
retrograde
retroactive
23
Multiple Choice
In elementary school, Lisa learned to speak some Japanese in addition to English. As a sophomore in high school, Lisa took a class in Chinese. She found that some of the new vocabulary was difficult to learn because her earlier Japanese vocabulary was competing with the new Chinese words. This situation best illustrates
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
proactive interference
retroactive interference
context-dependent memory
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Another retrieval issue:
memory construction
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Memory Construction Errors
Our memories can be revised continuously (called memory reconsolidation)
Misleading information can distort our memory (misinformation effect)
We can forget how, when, or where info was learned (source amnesia)
26
Why do we forget?
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