lesson 1.3- Cell structure and function

Eukaryotes: are organisms made up of one or more eukaryotic cells that have membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus.

Prokaryotes: are organisms made up of a single prokaryotic cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.

All eukaryotic cells have cell membranes; cytoplasm, which includes membrane-bound organelles; and genetic material contained in the nucleus.

Cell membrane: separates cytoplasm from surrounding material. It protects the cell and regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Cytoplasm: the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus that includes fluid and all of the organelles.

Mitochondria: in the presence of oxygen, help the cell convert glucose into a usable form of energy.

Ribosomes: are the places where proteins are assembled.

 The Golgi Complex: a network of membranes, works with the ER to process and transport proteins and other molecules.

The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): is a network of folded membranes, within the cell, in which proteins, lipids, and other materials are made. There are two types of ER. The surface of rough ER is studded with ribosomes, giving it a “rough” appearance. Smooth ER is not covered by ribosomes.