Infections in Neonates

Determining the time of acquisition of an infection in a newborn can help determine the most likely causes. Which of the following statements regarding acquisition of infections is true?

During a physical exam, a 4-day old male infant is noted to have evidence of intrauterine growth restriction, sensorineural deafness and congenital cataracts. His mother received no prenatal care and immigrated to the United States from Ethiopia 2 weeks prior to delivery. Which of the following best describes the murmur most likely to be heard in this infant?

A term female infant is born with diffuse edema of the skin as well as ascites and pleural and pericardial effusions. The mother is known to be Rh-positive. You explain to the parents that there are many noninfectious causes of this condition, but that the most common infectious cause of these symptoms is:

During a prenatal ultrasound at 22 weeks gestation, a singleton fetus is noted to have ascites and pleural effusions. Which of the following additional complications is most likely to occur in the fetus?

A 34 week gestation male is found to have malformations, atrophy, scarring of both lower extremities, and cataracts associated with micropthalmia and microcephaly. Review of maternal prenatal laboratory results, obtained when the patient's mother was in her 6th week of pregnancy, is most likely to reveal which of the following?

A 4-lb female, born at 34 weeks of gestation, is noted to have a head circumference less than the 3rd percentile, bilateral cataracts, microphthalmia, and shortened, malformed lower extremities with numerous areas of scarring. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's clinical findings?

A female infant born at term arrives in the NICU after a precipitous vaginal delivery. Her weight is at the 3rd percentile. Head circumference is below the 3rd percentile. On exam, a diffuse, maculopapular rash is noted, as is hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory results include thrombocytopenia and elevated total and direct bilirubin. Cranial US reveals calcifications throughout the brain, which are especially prominent in the basal ganglion. Which of the following is the most likely etiology of this patient's findings?