Rise of Nationalism

German

Swiss

French

American

strong devotion for one’s own country and its history and culture.

strong devotion for one’s own country without appreciation for other nations

strong love for one’s own country and hatred for others.

equally strong devotion for all the countries of the world.

a society under the control of a chosen few wise men

a society that is unlikely to ever exist

a society under Parliamentary Democracy

The Russian Revolution

The French Revolution

The American Revolution

India’s First War of Independence

The French Revolutionary Code

Napoleonic Code

European Imperial Code

The French Civil Code

freedom for the individual and equality before law.

preservation of autocracy and clerical privileges.

freedom for only male members of society and equality before law.

freedom only for senior citizens.

Conservatives believe in established, traditional institutions of state and policy.

Conservatives stressed the importance of tradition and preferred gradual develop¬ment to quick change.

Conservatives proposed to return to the society of pre-revolutionary days and were against the ideas of modernisation to strengthen monarchy.

Conservatives believed in the monarchy, church, and other social hierarchies.

Britain

Russia

Prussia

Switzerland