To know about the stored-program concept

To name hardware components in a von Neumann architecture

To know about the fetch-execute cycle

To identify hardware peripherals

John von Neumann

Alan Turing

Tommy Flowers

Alonzo Church

Processing unit

Control unit

Memory

External storage

Input/output devices

Fetch

Decode

Execute

Fetch

Execute

Decode

Execute

Decode

Fetch

Decode

Fetch

Execute

The next Instruction or data is copied from RAM into the internal registers of the CPU

Data is written into RAM from the internal registers of the CPU

The machine code instruction corresponding to the next instruction is determined

The result of the instruction is calculated inside the ALU

very fast-access memory locations

a place to do calculations

a control centre for the CPU

a place to remember commonly used instructions

address bus

control bus

data bus

interrupt bus

The next Instruction or data is copied from RAM into the internal registers of the CPU

Data is written into RAM from the internal registers of the CPU

The exact machine code instruction corresponding to the current instruction is determined

The result of the instruction is calculated inside the ALU

Control Unit (CU)

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Current Instruction Register (CIR)

data bus

complete list of instructions it knows how to perform

the program currently loaded into memory

data stored inside the registers

operating system controlling how the computer works

The next Instruction or data is copied from RAM into the internal registers of the CPU

Data is written into RAM from the internal registers of the CPU

The exact machine code instruction corresponding to the current instruction is determined

The machine instruction from the instruction set is carried out. This may involve using the ALU.

ALU

Immediate Access Store

Cache

Control Unit

Fetch

Decode

Execute

Return

Write