Cells - Life is Cellular + Cell Structure and Function

You will have the chance to share one thing you know on the next slide

• What is Cell Theory?

• Relate the advancement of microscopes to the better understanding of cells

• Name and describe the basic cell structures

• Differentiate between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

4 Characteristics that all cells have in common:

• ​Contain DNA

• ​Surrounded by a cell membrane

• ​Contain cytoplasm

• ​Have ribosomes

• Identify the structures of the major cell organelles

• Explain the functions of the major cell organelles

• Found in all Eukaryotic ells

• ​Control center of cell

• ​Contains cell's DNA: instructions for what cell does / how to make proteins

​Nucleolus: central dense region

Nuclear Pores: openings let certain materials in/out

Nuclear Membrane/Envelope: double membrane layer surrounds nucleus

Chromatin: DNA + proteins

• Jelly-like substance that the organelles and structures are suspended in inside the cell

• Made of mostly water and salts

• Makes proteins

  • protein synthesis

• Found in all cells

• Conveyor belt membrane system for proteins going out of the cell

• Rough ER: is rough with ribosomes!

• Smooth ER: no ribosomes, like a warehouse

• Modify, sort and package proteins

• Proteins are “shipped” to their final destinations inside / outside the cell

• ​Vesicles: "packages" the Golgi sends

• ​Like Amazon or Post Office of the cell

• Store materials: water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

• Plant Cells: single large central vacuole filled with water

• Animal Cells: small vacuoles maintain water balance (homeostasis)

• “cleanup crew” of the cell - removes waste

• contain digestive enzymes

• Also break down old organelles

• Structure and transport 

• Help transport materials along structures (like a railroad) involved in cell movement

• Centrioles - involved in cell division, only in animal cells

Mitochondria & Chloroplasts

All living things require energy Metabolism at the cellular level 2 organelles do this Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

​Inherit from mother

Has own DNA!

Sort of act as "own organism"

Does own thing in cell

Replicate themselves on own

Does not need instructions from cell's nucleus

• ​Convert/provide energy!

• Break down glucose from “food”, convert into chemical E (ATP) cell can use

​​Structure: double-membrane, inner membrane folded.

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Cell can have 100s-1000s depending on type of cell!

• Performs photosynthesis

• Capture and convert E from sunlight into chemical energy (stored as food) - GLUCOSE

• Contains green pigment chlorophyll

• ​Found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae (perform photosynthesis)

• Barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell

• Protects and supports cell

• ​Made of lipid bilayer with proteins

• Support, shape, and protection

• ​Lets certain materials pass: water, gases, & other materials

• ANIMAL CELLS DO NOT HAVE A CELL WALL

• Commonly found in bacteria, archaea, fungi, plants, and algae cells

Flagella

long whip-like tail organelle

extend from cell surface

can have 1 or more

not on all cells

​Cilia

short hair-like organelles

​extend from surface of cell

sense things / movement