Y10T2W7L2 Revision Separating Techniques

Ethanol has a higher boiling point than water.

Ethanol has a lower melting point than water.

Ethanol has a higher melting point than water.

Ethanol has a lower boiling point than water.

This makes it impossible to calculate Rf values.

This makes it impossible to use a locating agent.

This results in a safety hazard caused by solvent fumes.

This causes the spot nearest the bottom of the paper to catch up with the spot above it.

Blue

Red

Yellow

Green

A

B

C

D

(Distance travelled by solvent) ÷ (Distance travelled by sample)

(Distance travelled by sample) ÷ (Distance travelled by solvent)

Solvent front

Solvent

Baseline

Distance moved by the solvent.

Width of the baseline.

Length of the chromatography paper.

Distance that the substance has moved.

Simple distillation

Fractional distillation

Filtration

Evaporation to dryness

A

B

C

D

Crystallisation

Evaporation to dryness

Paper chromatography

Fractional distillation

Both substances must be soluble in the chromatography solvent,

Both substances must have low boiling point.

Both substances must be coloured.

Both substances must be solid at room condition.

It burns completely in oxygen, leaving no residue.

It has a fixed melting point.

It has a fixed volume.

It is soluble in water.

an insoluble solid from its solution.

a soluble solid from its solution.

0

1

2

3

boiling, evaporation and then condensation

condensation, boiling and evaporation

Filtration

Chromatography

Evaporation

Distillation