Hepatobiliary System Contrast Study

Performing diagnostic or therapeutic imaging of hepatobiliary system using contrast. The contrast media administered through the catheter that enter esophagus --> stomach --> duodenum. This procedure called ______

The open surgery procedure done on the hepatobiliary system (example: cholecystectomy = remove gallbladder), & then the contrast directly inject to the biliary duct. The images is taken using fluoroscopy. This procedure is called ______

After the cholecystectomy, a special tube is inserted to the common bile duct and the surgery is close and the patient is bring to the ward.

After 24 hour post-surgery, the contrast is injected through the opening of T-tube and the images taken using fluoroscopy. This procedure is done to check for any residual calculi after the surgery.

This procedure is known as __________

If a patient is contraindication to perform the ERCP, but the hepatobiliary contrast images is required, the alternative invasive procedure called ______ can be done.

Different from ERCP, the contrast media injected using a needle directly through the skin --> liver --> biliary ducts, under the guidance of ultrasound or fluoroscopy.