Biochemistry

Atoms are the building blocks for everything.

Parts of an atoms:

1) Protons (positively charged)

2) Electrons (negatively charged)

3) Neutrons (no charge)

Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus and are about the same size. Electrons are much MUCH smaller and are found around the nucleus.

If the number of protons and electrons are the same, there is no charge. If there are more protons the charge is postive. More electrons mean a negative charge.

Each element is made out of ONE atom. Every element is represented by one or two letters.

Atomic number = number of protons

Atomic mass = number of protons

Isotopes is when there are 2+ atoms but they have a different amount of nuetrons. Isotopes are named for their mass number/atomic number.

When 2+ atoms (same or different) are chemically bond together.

Ex; H2O

2+ different with specific amounts. A chemical formula is like a recipe.

Ex; H2O is water, there are 2 Hydrogen atoms for every 1 Oxygen atom.

Electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Opposites attract in this situation. Atoms that have a positive or negative charged are called ions.

The electrons are shared (these bonds are stronger than ionic bonds). Electrons move around both atoms. The more electrons shared, the stronger the bond is.

When atoms form polar covalent bonds, the atom with greater attraction for electrons has a partial negative charge. The other atom has a partial positive charge

This is just when both atoms have the same charge.