Unit 1 Review

Sudden release of energy from inside Earth, which can result in significant shaking of Earth's surface.

Energy is released when movement occurs along large cracks called faults in Earth's outer layer.

Earth's crust is split into tectonic plates that move slowly over time causing earthquakes along boundaries.

lithosphere - location of the tectonic plates

asthenosphere - layer of the mantle directly below the lithosphere

Magnitude is the number that describes the total amount of energy released at the source of an earthquake.

Intensity describes the kind of damage caused by an earthquake.

Magnitude affects intensity because an earthquake of a higher magnitude releases more energy than an earthquake of a lower magnitude.

Richter scale - measures magnitude

Modified Mercalli Scale - measures intensity

focus -Location beneath earth's surface where the energy of an earthquake is located.

epicenter - location directly above the focus.

Divergent - plates move away from each other

Convergent - plates move toward each other

Transform - plates slide past each other

latitude - distance north or south of the equator

longitude - distance east or west of the prime meridian

Igneous rock - formed from cooled magma

Metamorphic rock - formed by heat and pressure

Sedimentary rock - formed from sediments after they are compacted and cemented together.

Shield volcanoes are wide, with a broad slope. They form over hot spots and divergent boundaries. They produce runny lava.

Composite Volcanoes are tall and pointed. They form from alternating eruptions of lava and ash. The lava is sticky and does not flow. Form at convergent boundaries.

Cinder cone volcanoes are smaller cone shaped volcanoes. The eruptions contain thick magma. The lava may harden in the air and fall as fragments (cinders)