DNA and Genetics
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Science
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8th Grade
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Hard
Richard Nahkala
Used 14+ times
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13 Slides • 0 Questions
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DNA and Genetics
Cells put molecules together in the same way you might build a toy, or a cabinet. They follow a set of directions.
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Two scientists named Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins used x-ray to study DNA. They noticed that DNA has a
double-helix shape
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Four Nucleotides Shape DNA
DNAs twisted zipper shape is because of molecules called nucleotides.
Nucleotides are molecules made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.
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The Nitgrogen bases bond and form the teeth of the zipper. There are four nitrogen bases. Adenine (A), cytosine (C), thymine (T) and guanine (G). (A) and (T) always bond together. (C) and (G) always bond together
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There are three types of RNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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Translating RNA Code
Making a protein from mRNA is like using a secret code.
Proteins are made of amino acides and the order of the nitrogen bases in the mRNA determines the order of the amino acides in the protein.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQByjprj_mA&ab_channel=AmoebaSisters
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Results of Mutation
Mutations can cause things like genetic disorders like Down Syndrome. However, not all genetic mutations are bad.
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Results of Mutations
About 1 to 2 percent of the human population has red hair. Research shows red hair usually results from a mutation in a gene called MC1R, which codes for the melanocortin-1 receptor. The pigment found in red hair that makes it red is called pheomelanin
DNA and Genetics
Cells put molecules together in the same way you might build a toy, or a cabinet. They follow a set of directions.
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