Bonding- Covalent, Metallic, and Ionic

If valence electrons are shared by atoms, it is called COVALENT bonding

If valence electrons move freely between atoms, it is called METALLIC bonding

If valence electrons are transferred from one atom to another, it is called IONIC Bonding

Electronegativity is the key

more specifically, the DIFFERENCE in electronegativity....

DEN Range is the difference in electronegativity values between atoms

Determines the type of bond

Covalent bonds have similar electronegativities

Ionic bonds have different electronegativities

Metals + Nonmetals

Make IONIC bonds

Transfer electrons

High electronegativity difference

Form Crystalline Lattice (crystals)

Have high melting and boiling points

Hard

Brittle

Conduct electricity when dissolved in water

Nonmetal + Nonmetal

Make COVALENT bonds

Share electrons

Low electronegativity difference

Have Lower melting and boiling points

Tend to be flammable

When dissolved in water they do not conduct electricity

Soft or brittle solid

Can also form crystals

Metal ions near each other share valence electrons

These valence electrons flow freely between all of the ions

These delocalized electrons are why metals conduct heat and electricity

It is also why metals are malleable and ductile

good conductors of heat and electricity

malleable and ductile

lustrous

opaque