Unit 3 Review

Clause in the First Amendment that says the government may not establish an official religion.

Using actions and symbols rather than words to convey an idea that is protected by the 1st Amendment.

The type of censorship where the government prevents news from being published. Determined to be always unconstitutional.

A First Amendment provision that prohibits government from interfering with the practice of religion.

Case determined that students were considered a “captive audience” and would be coerced into praying, even with the prayer was voluntary.

Case determined that students “do not shed their constitutional right to free speech at the schoolhouse gate” but that speech could be limited if it interfered with the educational process.

Case that determined the 14th Amendment’s Due Process Clause applied the 6th Amendment’s Right to Counsel to the state governments.

Case that determined that Amish students did not have to attend past 8th Grade—but also established that the Free Exercise Clause could be limited to protect public safety.

In the early 1960s, there were four states which had laws requiring school districts to have a daily reading from the Bible. Twenty-five other states also had laws which made Bible readings optional for school districts. For example, a Pennsylvania law stated that each morning, at least 10 Bible verses had to be read for all students at the beginning of each school day. Edward Schempp felt that this law was unfair. His son Ellory was required to hear these daily readings, even though they violated his family’s belief system. He did have the right to not participate, but he and his father both felt that non-participation would lead to a negative relationship between Ellory, his classmates, and his teacher.

What is the Constitutional Principle evident in the case?

Which required case is this case most similar to?