context clues

The meaning of a word can often be gleaned from clues in the surrounding context. Context clues help us attack unfamiliar words.

Context clues can help you understand what you are reading.  

Prefix and suffix: People who study birds are experts in ornithology.

Contrast/Antonyms: Unlike (contrast signal word) mammals, birds incubate their eggs outside their bodies.

Logic: Birds are always on the lookout for predators that might harm their young.

Definition: Frugivorous birds prefer eating fruit to any other kind of food.

Example or illustration: Some birds like to build their nests in inconspicuous spots — high up in the tops of trees, well hidden by leaves.

Grammar: Many birds migrate twice each year.

1. Word Parts

Break down the different parts of a word—base word (word stem or root word), prefixes, and suffixes—to figure out what it means.

2. Definition/explanation

Look for a definition or an explanation within the sentence.

3. Synonyms

Words next to the unknown word can be a clue that there is a synonym.

4. Example/Illustration

Examples of the unknown word can give you a clue to meaning.

5. Antonym/contrast

Opposite information about the unknown word can be offset by words and phrases such as unlike, as opposed to, different from

6. Analogy

Comparisons of the word help to determine what it means.

7. Grammar/Appositive

Look for the grammatical structure of appositives which can provide a definition, synonym, or example.

Authors do not always provide context clues throughout the text because they might have the assumption that readers come to the text knowing the meaning of certain words. However, when you use the clues your reading comprehension will improve.