PHAR 104 NS Drugs

Oral

Intravenous

Topical

Inhalation

The route can help determine if the drug is being taken as prescribed and therefore is overcoming the first-pass effect.

A drug can be significantly reduced to its inactive metabolite before first entering circulation when administered orally.

Drugs administered parenterally are highly subject to the first-pass effect and should therefore be dosed accordingly.

Bioavailability of drug can be greatly reduced when the drug is administered by a route other than orally.

lungs

kidney

liver

bowel

Body system

Condition being treated

Mechanism of action

central nervous system

peripheral nervous system

sympathetic nervous system

parasympathetic nervous system

hypertension

shallow breathing

dilated pupils

increase in heart rate

diarrhea