Any change in the DNA sequence (insertion, deletion, substitution)

A cat is able to grow a 6th toe on it's paw, called polydactyly. The cat does not do anything with the new toe, but it sure looks cool! Is this mutation Helpful, Harmful, or Neutral?

Neutral (nobody cares about your extra toe!)

Arrangement of your chromosomes from largest to smallest (you should have 23 sets!)

Having 3 matching chromosomes instead of 2.

Any physical or chemical agent that can cause a mutation (x-rays, cigarettes, viruses, etc.)

Specific forms of a characteristic (brown eyes, blonde hair, etc.) OR the expression of your genes.

Dominant Triat/Allele

Traits that are always expressed when present, represented by a capital letter.

Recessive Trait/Allele

Traits that are only expressed when there is no dominant trait present, can be expressed using lowercase letters.

The passing on of traits from parent to offspring.

A general feature that has different forms in a population (seed shape, plant height, eye color, etc.)

Having the same genetics passed down for multiple generations.

Means the same genes or a purebred, can be dominant (TT) or recessive (tt).

The percentage chance that something will happen.

Means different genes, or a big letter and a small letter (Aa)

A cross between two different purebreds (AAxaa) OR the same thing as heterozygous (Aa).

An organisms physical appearance or traits

The genes that make up an organisms traits OR the letters we use to represent traits (Bb)

What would you call something that has 2 dominant genes (BB)

Homozygous dominant or purebred dominant

What would you call something with two recessive genes (bb)

Homozygous recessive OR purebred recessive

What is a sex-linked trait?

Traits that are attached to sex chromosomes X or Y (colorblindness as an example).

What are the P, F1, and F2 generations?

P= parent generation, F1 = next generation, F2= generation after F1

Mendel crossed two purebred pea plants, on tall and one short. He ended up with all tall pea plants. When he crossed the all tall pea plants again, the short trait showed back up, but rarely. Explain how this is possible.

Yes! The purebred tall pea plant must be (TT) and the purebred short plant must be (tt). When crossed they made heterozygotes (Tt) and "hid" the short gene. It then popped back up when crossing the heterozygous plants!

DNA & Genetics Review Flashcards

Student preview

38 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

DNA stands for...

Back

Deoxyribonucleic acid

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases of DNA?

Back

A, C, G, T

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

DNA is made of these 3 things...

Back

Sugar (deoxyribose), Phosphate, Nucleotide

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Homologous Chromosomes

Back

Chromosomes that carry the same set of genes, but potentially different alleles

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Allele

Back

Different forms of a gene (brown eyes, blue eyes, green eyes, etc.)

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Genes

Back

A specific segment of DNA that determines inherited traits

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Where chromosomes (DNA) are located

Back

Nucleus

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