According to Voltaire’s critique, why was the Holy Roman Empire described as “neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire”?

It lacked obedience to the pope, was based in Germany, and ruled only a regional state.

Which prosperous Italian city-states arose in the medieval period according to the notes? Options: Venice, Florence, Genoa, and Milan; Rome, Pisa, Palermo, and Bari; Naples, Turin, Verona, and Siena; Bologna, Parma, Modena, and Lucca

Venice, Florence, Genoa, and Milan

By the 8th to 11th centuries, Muslim states ruled which area of Western Europe? Options: Normandy, The Iberian Peninsula around Spain, Lombardy, Brittany

The Iberian Peninsula around Spain

Which combination best describes the foundations of social and economic growth in medieval Europe? Options: Feudal warfare and monastic isolation, Better political organization, improved agricultural production, urbanization, manufacturing, and trade, Papally decreed tithes and castle construction, Exclusive reliance on maritime commerce

Better political organization, improved agricultural production, urbanization, manufacturing, and trade

Which new crops are noted as becoming prominent in medieval Europe?

Beans and peas, with additions such as eggplants, citrus, artichokes, spinach, and lettuce

What was the purpose of the Hanseatic League?

An association of trading cities dominating trade in grain, fish, furs, timber, and connecting Novgorod to London

Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine, as described here?

The most powerful woman of her time, wife to two kings and mother of three more, known for promoting refined manners and romantic culture

Which functions did medieval guilds perform?

Regulated production and sale of goods, set quality standards, controlled selling processes, and managed entry of new members

Cathedral schools primarily emphasized which area of study for students?

Liberal arts including the Bible, church fathers, and classical Latin literature

From whom did Roman Catholics largely receive translations and information about Aristotle?

Byzantine and Muslim scholars translating Greek and Arabic texts

Scholastic theology is best defined as which of the following? A movement to reject classical philosophy in favor of mysticism, A method that synthesized Christian beliefs and values with the logical rigor of Greek philosophy, A devotional practice centered on veneration of relics, A political theory that separated church and state

A method that synthesized Christian beliefs and values with the logical rigor of Greek philosophy

Which type of worship appealed most to medieval commoners, according to the material?

Basic Christianity with beliefs and rituals that gave meaning and community

What were saints’ relics believed to do?

Retain powers associated with the individuals

Who were the Dominicans and Franciscans?

Friars without personal possessions who begged to meet needs, seeking to counter church materialism.

What typically happened to medieval heretics according to the material?

Church officials teamed up to destroy them

Who asked Pope Urban II for help, and why?

The Byzantine emperor seeking aid against Turkish invaders advancing toward Constantinople.

Which change in European consumption followed the Crusades according to the material?

Taste for exotic spices and agricultural products that required trade

According to the notes, which medieval urban contribution by women is highlighted? Options: Exclusive involvement in royal courts, Work alongside men in skilled trades such as brewing, candle making, and textiles, with dominance in decorative arts, Service only in domestic households, Restriction to agricultural field labor

Work alongside men in skilled trades such as brewing, candle making, and textiles, with dominance in decorative arts

Chapter 20 Flashcards

Student preview

40 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Which khan did the Venetian traveler Marco Polo advise during his time in East Asia?

Back

Khubilai Khan

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Until the fifteenth century, what was the dominant empire in the eastern Mediterranean region?

Back

The Byzantine Empire

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

According to the notes, who formed the Holy Roman Empire? A coalition of Italian city-states, Three German princes, Norman dukes from Normandy, Frankish kings

Back

Three German princes

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

In the Byzantine Empire, what was the primary benefit of the theme system?

Back

It supported a powerful army and independent peasantry

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

How was the Byzantine theme system undermined, and what effect did this have? Options: Monasteries seized peasant lands, leading to monastic taxation; Wealthy landowners acquired peasant lands, transforming free peasants into forced laborers; Foreign merchants controlled grain prices, causing famine; The emperor abolished military districts, weakening frontier defenses

Back

Wealthy landowners acquired peasant lands, transforming free peasants into forced laborers

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

The Normans were Vikings who conquered which region?

Back

Normandy in northern France

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Which Italian city rose in power due to the Crusades?

Back

Venice

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