Health Unit 4 Study Guide: Terms and Structures

The term 'perspiration' specifically refers to the process of sweating, which is the body's way of regulating temperature by releasing moisture through the skin. The other options do not relate to this process.

Muscle tone refers to the amount of tension or resistance in a muscle at rest. It is essential for maintaining posture and readiness for movement, distinguishing it from other options that do not relate to muscle function.

Plasma is the colorless fluid component of blood that suspends red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, making it essential for transporting nutrients and waste.

Gastritis is defined as inflammation of the protective lining of the stomach, which distinguishes it from other conditions listed, such as cataracts, hyperpigmentation, and kidney stones.

Cartilage is a strong, flexible connective tissue that provides support and cushioning in joints, making it the correct answer. Ligaments and tendons are also connective tissues but serve different functions.

Mastication is the process of chewing food into smaller pieces, making it easier for enzymes to further digest it. This step is crucial for effective digestion, unlike absorption and elimination, which occur later.

A compound fracture is defined by the presence of at least one end of the broken bone protruding through the skin, distinguishing it from other types of fractures where the bone remains under the skin.

The normal blood pressure range is defined as below 120/80 and above 90/60. This indicates that values within this range are considered healthy, while the other options fall outside of this normal range.

Emphysema is a long-term, progressive lung disease that causes shortness of breath due to the over-inflation of alveoli, leading to reduced airflow. This distinguishes it from asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia.

External respiration occurs in the lungs, where oxygen from the alveolar air diffuses into the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the alveolar air, making the first answer choice correct.