AP Statistics Identify Inference Procedure

What is the appropriate inference procedure for the study of bird behavior in an Oregon forest where 54% of the trees are Douglas firs, 40% are ponderosa pines, and 6% are other types of trees, based on the observation of 156 red-breasted nut-hatches?

A company produces candles. Machine 1 makes candles with a mean length of 14 cm and a standard deviation of 0.15 cm. Machine 2 makes candles with a mean length of 15 cm and a standard deviation of 0.10 cm. A random sample of 49 candles is taken from each machine. Do the data provide convincing evidence of a difference in the mean lengths of the candles? What is the appropriate inference procedure for this situation?

A drug manufacturer forms tablets by compressing a granular material that contains the active ingredient and various fillers. The hardness of a sample from each batch of tablets produced is measured to control the compression process. The target value for the hardness is 11.5. Is there convincing evidence that the mean hardness of the tablets in this batch differs from the target value? Select the appropriate inference procedure for this test.

Identify the appropriate inference procedure for the University of Chicago's General Social Survey (GSS) data on astrological signs, which asks if all 12 signs are not equally likely.