Chapter 1

A relatively permanent change in behaviour as a result of experience.

Observable action, measurable, reaction to experience, e.g., emotions, allergies. Doesn't have to be immediate.

A situation you learn from; the behaviour cannot be manipulated or 'taken away'.

Learning involves prediction. Learning is a prediction game.

Process by which certain inborn behaviours come to be elicited in new circumstances. Behaviour shown as a reflexive or 'involuntary' response, e.g., salivating in response to food.

Nativism (nature) assumes abilities and tendencies are largely inborn. Empiricism (nurture) assumes abilities and tendencies are mostly learned. Aristotle was an empiricist.

Events that are similar to each other are readily associated with each other, e.g., cars and trucks.

Events that are opposite from each other are readily associated, e.g., black and white.

Events that occur in close proximity to each other are readily associated, e.g., thunder and lightning.

The more frequently two items occur together, the more strongly they are associated. A supplement to the law of contiguity.