DNA Replication

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA, allowing genetic information to be passed on during cell division.

The main steps of DNA replication are: 1) Initiation, 2) Elongation, 3) Termination.

The enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix is called helicase.

The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G).

DNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.

DNA is primarily located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short segments called Okazaki fragments due to the antiparallel nature of DNA.

A replication fork is the area where the DNA double helix is unwound and separated into two single strands during replication.