AP BIO - Cell Structure & Function Exam Review

A prokaryotic cell is a simple, unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Examples include bacteria and archaea.

The lysosome is an organelle that contains digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.

A higher surface area to volume ratio allows for more efficient exchange of nutrients and waste, enhancing metabolic processes.

The sphere is the most metabolically efficient shape due to its higher surface area to volume ratio.

Membrane-bound organelles are specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that are enclosed by membranes, allowing for compartmentalization of cellular functions.

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where amino acids are assembled into proteins based on mRNA sequences.

The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that synthesizes proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER) and transports them within the cell.

ATP synthesis is crucial as ATP serves as the primary energy currency of the cell, powering various cellular processes.

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.