Cell Biology and Genetics Flashcard

Which of the following best explains the experimental results with Acetabularia? Options: mRNAs are stored in Acetabularia caps, A growth factor is present in the stalk of Acetabularia, Nuclei are present in Acetabularia feet, Chloroplasts are concentrated in Acetabularia feet

Which of the following is the best control for the grafting procedure in the Acetabularia experiment?
Options:
Remove the stalk and cap from a foot of species 1 and observe whether the foot regrows at the base of the stalk
Remove a cap and stalk from a foot of species 1 and replace the same cap and stalk and observe cap regrowth and morphology
Remove the cap and stalk from a foot of species 1, replace with the stalk from a third species of Acetabularia, and observe cap morphology
Remove the cap and stalk from a foot of species 1, replace with one stalk each of species 1 and 2, and observe cap morphology

Which procedure is most likely to engage and motivate students to learn more about regulation of cell growth? Options: Play a game in which teams of students compete to see who can correctly answer the most questions about organelle function, Direct the students to Internet sites on which they can watch animations of cell processes, Have the students read short biographies of scientists who are engaged in research about cell-growth regulation, Have the students microscopically examine cultured cells before and after they add substances to the cells that affect cell division and morphology.

Which of the following is the most likely function of the indicated membrane structures in a eukaryotic cell membrane? To facilitate the exchange of $$O_2$$ and $$CO_2$$ by the cell, To catalyze the synthesis of molecules secreted by the cell, To enable the movement of ions across the cell membrane, To promote the entry of hormones into the cell

Which of the following properties best distinguishes prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells from all viruses? Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are surrounded by a lipid bilayer, and viruses are not, Prokaryotes and eukaryotes divide by mitosis, and viruses do not, Prokaryotes and eukaryotes synthesize proteins on ribosomes, and viruses do not, Prokaryotes and eukaryotes have genomes of DNA, and viruses have genomes of RNA

Which of the following provides the major source of energy for cellular respiration in plants?
Options:
Energy from the Sun,
$$CO_2$$ and water,
Nutrients absorbed from the soil,
Sugars synthesized by photosynthesis

Which of the following is commonly produced in anaerobic respiration but not in aerobic respiration? Lactic acid, ATP, Pyruvic acid, H_2O

Which of the following is most likely to trigger uncontrolled cell division and tumor formation? A mutation of a cyclin protein that interferes with the binding of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk), A mutation to a cell surface receptor that causes continuous signaling in the absence of ligand binding, An increase in the cytosolic concentration of second messengers such as cAMP and $$Ca^{2+}$$ , An increase in the rate of cellular respiration and ATP production

If a single base pair is deleted from the coding region of gene X, which of the following is the most likely effect on the entire sequence of protein X? Options: Protein X will be of normal sequence because three sequential base pairs must be deleted to affect the protein sequence, Protein X will be of normal sequence because one of every three base pairs is a wobble base that can be deleted without altering protein sequence, Protein X will differ from the normal sequence by one amino acid coded in the region of the deletion, Protein X will be completely nonfunctional due to a frameshift mutation.

For which of the following reasons is it better to clone a cDNA than genomic DNA into bacteria if the bacteria are to synthesize a eukaryotic protein of the correct sequence?
Options:
There are discrepancies between the genetic codes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes,
The transcription factors of prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ,
Bacteria cannot process mRNAs to remove introns,
Bacteria cannot modify proteins in the same way as eukaryotes can