Moles

A mole is a unit of measurement used to express amounts of a chemical substance. It is defined as the amount of substance that contains as many entities (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12.

One mole contains approximately 6.022 x 10^23 particles, known as Avogadro's number.

Number of moles = Mass (g) / Molar mass (g/mol).

To convert particles to moles, divide the number of particles by Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23).

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).

Mass (g) = Number of moles x Molar mass (g/mol).

The molar mass of water is approximately 18.02 g/mol.

To find the number of moles, divide the mass of the substance by its molar mass.

At standard temperature and pressure (STP), one mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.4 liters.

Number of molecules = Number of moles x Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23).