4th - Covalent Formulas, Naming, and Electronegativity

A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Electronegativity is the measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond.

The Lewis structure for NH₃ (ammonia) shows a nitrogen atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, with one lone pair of electrons on nitrogen.

Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons.

The molecular shape of CO₂ (carbon dioxide) is linear.

A covalent bond is formed between nitrogen and hydrogen.

CH₄ (methane) has a total of 8 valence electrons participating in bonding.

The molecular geometry of CH₄ (methane) is tetrahedral.

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.

The octet rule states that atoms tend to form bonds until they are surrounded by eight valence electrons, achieving a stable electron configuration.